Implementation of the Theory of Planned Behaviour on Entrepreneurial Intention
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51213/ema.v10i2.690Keywords:
Education in Entrepreneurship, Intentions of Entrepreneurs, Gender, Planned Behavior Theory, Pendidikan Kewirausahaan, Niat Wirausaha, Teori PerilakuAbstract
This study aims to examine the impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Surabaya. Purposive sampling was applied to a group of 200 college students. The sample criteria included students who had completed entrepreneurship courses for bachelor's degrees and entrepreneurship practicums for vocational programs. This research utilized the Mann-Whitney U-Test via SPSS and partial least squares analysis through SmartPLS. The results of this research indicate the following: 1) attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control positively and significantly influence entrepreneurial intention, 2) entrepreneurship education significantly and positively affects entrepreneurial intention, 3) entrepreneurship education did not moderate the impact of any theory of planned behaviour variables on entrepreneurial intention, 4) gender did not moderate the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention, 5) no difference was found in the entrepreneurial intention levels of male and female college students, 6) no distinction was observed in the entrepreneurial intention levels of bachelor's degree students compared to vocational studies students.References
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.
Ajzen, I. (2001). Nature and Operation of Attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 27–58. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.5 2.1.27
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behaviour. Prentice-Hall.
Al-Jubari, I. (2019a). College students’ entrepreneurial intention: Testing an integrated model of SDT and TPB. Sage Open, 9(2), 2158244019853467.
Al-Jubari, I. (2019b). College students’ entrepreneurial intention: Testing an integrated model of SDT and TPB. Sage Open, 9(2), 2158244019853467.
ALOULOU, W. J. (2016). Predicting Entrepreneurial Intentions of Final Year Saudi University Business Students by applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 23, 1142–02-2016-0028
Anderson, A., & Jack, S. (2008). Role typologies for enterprising education: The professional artisan? Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15. APJII. (2017). Infographics on Internet Penetration and User Behaviour in Indonesia.
Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta- analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(4), 471–499.
Arranz, N., Ubierna, F., Arroyabe, M. F., Perez, C., & de Arroyabe, J. C. (2017). The effect of curricular and extracurricular activities on university students’ entrepreneurial intention and competences. Studies in Higher Education, 42(11), 1979–2008.
Athayde, R. (2009). Measuring enterprise potential in young people. Enterpreneurship Theory and Practice 33(2), 481–500.
Atmaja, A. T., & Margunani, M. (2016). The influence of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial activities on the entrepreneurial interest of students at Semarang State University. Economic Education Analysis Journal, 5(3), 774.
Bae, T. J., Qian, S., Miao, C., & Fiet, J. O. (2014). The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A meta–analytic review. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 217–254. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/et ap.12095
Billah, H. M. (2019). Entrepreneurship: The Key to Indonesia's Economics Growth.Liputan6. https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read /4079235/entrepreneurship-key-to- indonesia's-economic growth
Bird, B. (1988). Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas: The Case for Intention. The Academy of Management Review, 13. https://doi.org/10.2307/258091
Bryant, P. T. (2006). Improving entrepreneurial education through self-regulatory skills. VentureWell. Proceedings of Open, the Annual Conference, 279.
Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), 295–316.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modelling. Advances in Hospitality and Leisure.
Dinc, M., & Budic, S. (2016). The Impact of Personal Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioural Control on Entrepreneurial Intentions of Women. Eurasian Journal of Businessand Economics, 2016, 23–35. https://doi.org/10.17015/ejbe.2016.017. 02
Directorate General of Vocational Education. (2020). Strategic Plan (Renstra) of the Directorate General of Vocational Education 2020-2024.
Duval- Couetil, N., Shartrand, A., & Reed,T. (2016). The role of entrepreneurship program models and experiential activities on engineering student outcomes. Advances in Engineering Education, 5(1), n1. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ10905 82.pdf
Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
Falk, R. F., & Miller, N. B. (1992). A Primer for Soft Modelling. University of Akron Press. Ferreira, J. J., Raposo, M., Rodrigues, R., Dinis, A., & Paço, A. (2012). A Model of Entrepreneurial Intention: An Application of the Psychological and Behavioural Approaches. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 19, 424440. https://doi.org/10.1108/1462600121250144
Fiore, E., Sansone, G., Paolucci, E., & Xi,C. (2019). Entrepreneurship Education in a Multidisciplinary Environment: Evidence from an Entrepreneurship Programme Held in Turin. Administrative Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci9010028
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behaviour: An introduction to theory and research, 27. Gartner, W., & Katz, J. (1988). Properties of Emerging Organisations. The Academy of Management Review, 13. https://doi.org/10.2307/258090 GEM. (2018). Global entrepreneurship monitor–2017/2018 global report, global entrepreneurship research association (GERA).
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., Hult, G. T. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. SAGE Publications, Inc.
Hartono, H. (2021). Changing University Students’ Mindset: From Job Seekers to Job Creators. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 18. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v18i1.3026
Hendarman, --. (2011). Policy Review of PMW (Student Entrepreneurship Programme) Journal of Education and Culture, 17(6), 635–646. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24832/j pnk.v17i6.55
Henry, C., Hill, F., & Leitch, C. (2005). Entrepreneurship Education and Training: Can Entrepreneurship Be Taught? Part II. Education + Training, 47, 98–111.
Hien, D. T. T., & Cho, S. E. (2018). Relationship between entrepreneurship education and innovative start-up intentions among university students. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 22(3), 1- 16.https://www.abacademies.org/articles/relationship-between-entrepreneurship-education-and innovative-startup-intentions-among-university-students-7456.html
Hoang, G., Le, T. T. T., Tran, A. K. T., & Du,T. (2021). Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Vietnam: the mediating roles of self-efficacy and learning orientation. Education + Training, 63(1),
Hua, S., & Ren, Z. (2020). “Online+ Offline†course teaching based on case teaching method: a case study of entrepreneurship education course. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 15(10), 69–85. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3991/ij et al. 15(10). 13999
Johnstone, L., Monteiro, M. P., Ferreira, I., Westerlund, J., Aalto, R., & Marttinen, J. (2018). Language ability and entrepreneurship education: Necessary skills for Europe’s start-ups? Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 16(3), 369–397.
Jun, H. Y. (2016). Self-Efficacy as Moderator in Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intention: Comparison between Korean and Chinese University Students. The Journal of Small Business Innovation, 19(1), 17–35.
Karimi, S., Biemans, H. J. A., Lans, T., Chizari, M., & Mulder, M. (2016). The impact of entrepreneurship education: A study of Iranian students’ entrepreneurial intentions and opportunity identification. Journal of Small Business Management, 54(1), 187–209.
Krueger Jr, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5–6), 411–432.
Kundu, S., & Rani, S. (2008). Human resources’ entrepreneurial attitude orientation by gender and background: A study of Indian Air Force trainees. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development - Int J Manag Enterprise Dev, 5.
Kusmintarti, A., Ismanu, S., & Riwajanti, N. (2018). Gender as a Moderator of the Influence of Entrepreneurial Education and Entrepreneurial Characteristics on Entrepreneurial Intention. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7, 469.
Lelliezzia, P., Musadeq, A., & Arik, P. (2020). Effect of Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Characters Toward Entrepreneurial Intention with Business Motivation as Intervening. Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies, 23(3).
Liñán, F., & Chen, Y.-W. (2009). Development and Cross-Cultural Application of a Specific Instrument to Measure Entrepreneurial Intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33, 593–617.
L.O, C, Sun, H & Law, K. (2012). Comparing the Entrepreneurial Intention between Female and Male Engineering Students: Implications for Entrepreneurship Education. Journal of Women’s Entrepreneurship and Education, 1, 28–50.
Lucky, E. O., & Minai, M. S. (2014). A qualitative study of the attitudes of prospective graduates graduates towards entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management Journal, II, 2, 128–134.
Mahfud, T., Triyono, M. B., Sudira, P., & Mulyani, Y. (2020a). The influence of social capital and entrepreneurial attitude orientation on entrepreneurial intentions: the mediating role of psychological capital. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 26(1), 33- 39.
Mahfud, T., Triyono, M. B., Sudira, P., & Mulyani, Y. (2020b). The influence of social capital and entrepreneurial attitude orientation on entrepreneurial intentions: the mediating role of psychological capital. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 26(1), 33– 39.
Matlay, H. (2005). Entrepreneurship Education in UK Business Schools: Conceptual, Contextual and Policy Considerations. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 12, 627–643.
Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, L. T. P., Phan, H. T. T., & Vu, A. T. (2021). Impact of Entrepreneurship Extracurricular Activities and Inspiration on Entrepreneurial Intention: Mediator and Moderator Effect. SAGE Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244021103 2174
NowiÅ„ski, W., Haddoud, M., LanÄariÄ, D., Egerová, D., & Czeglédi, C. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and gender on entrepreneurial intentions. Universtiy students in the Vicegard Countrys. Studies in Higher Education, 44, 1–19.
Ozaralli, N., & Rivenburgh, N. K. (2016). Entrepreneurial intention: antecedents to entrepreneurial behaviour in the USA and Turkey. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 6(1), 3.
Piperopoulos, P., & Dimov, D. (2015). Burst bubbles or build steam? Entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 970–985.
Pittaway, L., & Cope, J. (2007). Entrepreneurship Education: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 25 (5). https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242607080 656
Rahayu, N. (2019). Rapid Growth Rapid Growth of E-Commerce in Indonesia. Warta Ekonomi. https://www.wartaekonomi.co.id/read21 6302/pertumbuhan-e-commerce-pesat-di- indonesia.html
Rizkinaswara, L. (2018). 1000 Digital Startups. Directorate General of Informatics Applications. https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2018/11/10 00- startup-digitall/
Shook, C., & Bratianu, C. (2010). Entrepreneurial intent in a transitional economy: An application of the theory of planned behaviour to Romanian students. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 6,
Stokes, D., Wilson, N., & Mador, M. (2010). Entrepreneurship. Cengage Learning.
Suryawirawan, O. A. (2020). Theory of Planned Behaviour Approach and Gender Differences on Students’ Intention to Practice Online Business. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 10, 138–147.
Susilaningsih, --. (2015). Entrepreneurship Education In Higher Education Institution: Is Important For All Professions. Jurnal Economia, 11(1), 9 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21831/economia.v1lil.7748
UKM Indonesia. (2019). Government Assistance for New Entrepreneurs in 2019. UKM Indonesia. https://www.ukmindonesia.id/baca-deskripsi-program/
Xiaoxing, Q. (2020). Research on Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education. Higher Education Research, 5(6), 209. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.her.20200506.11
Yang, J. (2013). The Theory of Planned Behaviour and Prediciton of Entrepreneurial Intention Among Chinese Undergraduates. Social Behaviour and Personality : An International Journal, 41.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Krido Eko Cahyono
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
